{"hazards":[{"action_steps":["Practice 'drop, cover, and hold on.'","Anchor your house to its foundation if needed and secure items like water heaters, bookcases, and appliances.","Build a household plan that includes outside communication and 72-hour self-sufficiency.","Know whether your home is in a soft-soil or liquefaction-prone area.","If you live in a vulnerable building type, look into retrofit assistance or retrofit planning."],"at_risk_groups":["People in unreinforced masonry and soft-story buildings.","People with disabilities or mobility limitations.","People who may not receive or use ShakeAlert because of technology or communication barriers.","Equity Priority Communities."],"base_priority_score":10,"historical_examples":["1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (M6.9), FEMA DR-845, included Alameda County.","2014 South Napa earthquake (M6.02).","2025 Berkeley earthquake (M4.29)."],"key_stats":["Official Priority Risk Index (PRI): 5.0, ranked High.","USGS probabilities for the Bay Area in the next 30 years: 72% for M6.7+, 51% for M7.0+, and 23% for M7.5.","Population exposed: 440,637 people (the entire city).","Hayward fault scenario estimated damage: $17,171,966,379 (13.3% of total replacement cost value).","Hayward fault scenario: 4,324 displaced households and 2,115 people needing short-term shelter.","Community lifelines in very high/high liquefaction areas: 505."],"locations":["Citywide.","High and very high liquefaction susceptibility areas.","Hayward fault scenario area.","Calaveras fault scenario area.","San Andreas Peninsula scenario area."],"name":"Earthquake","personalization_notes":[],"personalized_what_this_means_for_you":"Earthquake risk is not limited to one neighborhood. Everyone in Oakland is exposed, but older buildings, soft-story buildings, unreinforced masonry, and liquefaction areas face bigger danger.","priority_reason":"Earthquake is the LHMP's highest-ranked hazard. It affects the whole city, has a high regional probability, and produces the largest modeled damage, debris, and displacement totals in the plan.","priority_score":10,"real_world_impact":"A major earthquake could damage homes, apartments, schools, roads, and utilities at the same time. Recovery could take a long time, especially in older buildings and liquefaction-prone areas.","risk_level":"High","slug":"earthquake","summary":"Earthquake is Oakland's most serious natural hazard in the LHMP. Strong shaking, liquefaction, and building failure can harm people across the whole city.","top_risks":["Strong shaking that damages or collapses vulnerable buildings.","Liquefaction and ground failure that damage roads, utilities, and foundations.","Hazardous materials releases and utility breaks.","Mass displacement and shelter needs after a major event.","Large debris volumes that slow response and recovery."],"what_could_realistically_happen":"You could lose power, water, and phone service. Roads may be blocked, older buildings may be unsafe to enter, and many households could need shelter after a larger Hayward-fault event.","what_this_means_for_you":"Earthquake risk is not limited to one neighborhood. Everyone in Oakland is exposed, but older buildings, soft-story buildings, unreinforced masonry, and liquefaction areas face bigger danger.","why_this_is_a_real_threat_in_oakland":"Oakland sits in a high-risk Bay Area earthquake setting. The plan models major losses from Hayward, Calaveras, and San Andreas scenarios and notes that the whole city is vulnerable."},{"action_steps":["Clear dry underbrush and dead, dying, or diseased vegetation from your property.","Create and maintain defensible space around structures.","Use fire-resistant roofing, building materials, and plantings where possible.","Learn alternative evacuation routes before fire season.","Join or support Firewise-style neighborhood efforts if you live in a higher-risk area."],"at_risk_groups":["People living in East Oakland Hills, North Oakland Hills, Glenview/Redwood Heights, and nearby exposed areas.","Low-income households, renters, and unhoused residents who may have less capacity to prepare or relocate.","Children, pregnant people, older adults, and people with respiratory or cardiovascular vulnerability because of smoke.","Emergency responders and people in Equity Priority Communities within the 3-mile wildfire buffer."],"base_priority_score":9,"historical_examples":["1991 Tunnel Fire / Oakland Hills Fire: 1,520 acres burned, more than 3,200 structures destroyed, and 25 confirmed deaths.","October 22, 2024 Keller Fire near Edwards Avenue and Mountain Boulevard: 15 acres burned."],"key_stats":["Official Priority Risk Index (PRI): 4.8, ranked High.","Population exposed in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone: 61,417 people (13.9% of the city population).","Buildings exposed in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone: 23,336 (22.11% of city buildings).","Community lifelines in the Fire Hazard Severity Zone: 205.","Total exposed value in the Fire Hazard Severity Zone: $19,255,494,290.","Residential buildings built before 1978: 80,015; the plan says these may carry greater ember-related vulnerability."],"locations":["East Oakland Hills.","North Oakland Hills.","Glenview/Redwood Heights.","North Oakland/Adams Point.","Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone and the 3-mile wildfire buffer area."],"name":"Wildfire","personalization_notes":[],"personalized_what_this_means_for_you":"If you live in or near the hills, the risk is direct. If you live elsewhere, smoke, evacuations, traffic, and utility disruption can still affect you. Older homes may also be more vulnerable to ember-related ignition.","priority_reason":"Wildfire is one of the LHMP's highest-ranked hazards because of its history, concentrated exposure in the hills, and severe smoke and evacuation impacts. It scores just below earthquake because events are less frequent, but when they happen the consequences can be catastrophic.","priority_score":9,"real_world_impact":"Wildfire in Oakland is not only a hillside fire problem. Smoke, ember exposure, evacuations, and route closures can affect people far beyond the burn area.","risk_level":"High","slug":"wildfire","summary":"Wildfire is a major Oakland threat, especially in the hills and nearby buffer areas. Fire, smoke, ember spread, and evacuation problems can all threaten lives, homes, and infrastructure.","top_risks":["Fast-moving fire in the hills that can destroy homes and threaten lives.","Smoke exposure that harms respiratory and cardiovascular health across a wider area.","Evacuation route problems during red flag or active fire conditions.","Damage to utilities, water-related systems, and transportation routes.","Ember-driven spread that threatens structures beyond the main flame front."],"what_could_realistically_happen":"A red-flag day fire could spread quickly in the hills, force evacuations, stress road access, send smoke across the city, and damage homes, power, and communications.","what_this_means_for_you":"If you live in or near the hills, the risk is direct. If you live elsewhere, smoke, evacuations, traffic, and utility disruption can still affect you. Older homes may also be more vulnerable to ember-related ignition.","why_this_is_a_real_threat_in_oakland":"The 1991 Tunnel Fire remains one of the clearest examples of what can happen in Oakland. The LHMP also identifies large exposure in East Oakland Hills, North Oakland Hills, and Glenview/Redwood Heights."},{"action_steps":["Trim or remove trees that could affect power lines when it is safe and allowed.","Plan for 72-hour self-sufficiency during outages.","Get a NOAA weather radio or another non-cell backup warning source.","Know where cooling or respite options are, especially if your home gets hot or loses power easily.","If you run or manage a facility, plan for backup power and communication redundancy."],"at_risk_groups":["Older adults, infants, children, and pregnant people.","People with asthma, heart disease, or other pre-existing health conditions.","People who work or exercise outside, people without air conditioning, and households that cannot afford to run it.","Unhoused residents, Equity Priority Communities, and people with disabilities or access and functional needs."],"base_priority_score":8,"historical_examples":["June 10-11, 2019 excessive heat event with more than 50,000 power losses and reported fatalities.","March 21, 2023 cyclone with more than 110,000 customers losing power in the Bay Area and Santa Cruz County, and one unhoused man near Lake Merritt killed by a tree.","April 3, 2023 straight-line wind event linked to broader severe weather impacts."],"key_stats":["Official Priority Risk Index (PRI): 3.5, ranked High.","The LHMP says there is a high probability of at least one high-wind event each year and at least one extreme heat event each year.","Population exposed: 440,637 people (the entire city).","When temperatures rise above 80 deg F in Alameda County, industrial flatlands can be 5 deg F hotter than the Oakland Hills.","June 10-11, 2019 excessive heat: more than 50,000 people lost power; one direct heat-related death and two drowning deaths while trying to cool down were reported.","FEMA National Risk Index expected annual losses: Heat Wave $1.3 million; Strong Wind $20,036."],"locations":["Citywide.","Industrial flatlands affected by urban heat island conditions.","Areas near trees or power lines that can fail during wind events."],"name":"Severe Weather (High Wind and Extreme Heat)","personalization_notes":[],"personalized_what_this_means_for_you":"You do not have to live in the hills or on the shoreline to be affected. A hot spell or wind event can affect your power, your health, your commute, and your ability to get reliable information.","priority_reason":"The LHMP ranks severe weather high and says both high wind and extreme heat are likely at least once each year. It scores high for the app because the whole city is exposed and these events already cause deaths, power outages, blocked roads, and health emergencies.","priority_score":8,"real_world_impact":"This is the hazard most people are likely to feel often. It can mean dangerous heat at home, power loss, blocked streets, and outages that make other health and safety problems worse.","risk_level":"High","slug":"severe-weather-high-wind-and-extreme-heat","summary":"Oakland's severe weather risk is mainly about high wind and extreme heat. These events can cause dangerous heat exposure, blackouts, tree failures, blocked roads, and service disruptions.","top_risks":["Heat illness and death during extreme heat events.","Power outages and PSPS events that cut off cooling and communications.","Downed trees and power lines that block roads and damage property.","Hospitals and cooling centers struggling when backup power is limited.","Whole-city impacts because all residents and all lifelines are exposed."],"what_could_realistically_happen":"A heat wave could push indoor temperatures too high, while a wind event or PSPS could shut off power, limit cooling, block roads with fallen trees, and force people to seek clean-air or cooling spaces.","what_this_means_for_you":"You do not have to live in the hills or on the shoreline to be affected. A hot spell or wind event can affect your power, your health, your commute, and your ability to get reliable information.","why_this_is_a_real_threat_in_oakland":"The LHMP says the whole city is exposed. It also points out that flatland heat is worse in some areas and that facilities without backup power are especially vulnerable during PSPS events."}]}